1 Samuel 28:14

Authorized King James Version

And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old man cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
לָהּ֙
H0
#3
מַֽה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#4
תָּאֳר֔וֹ
unto her What form
outline, i.e., figure or appearance
#5
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#6
אִ֤ישׁ
man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#7
זָקֵן֙
An old
old
#8
עֹלֶ֔ה
cometh up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#9
וְה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#10
עֹטֶ֖ה
and he is covered
to wrap, i.e., cover, veil, clothe, or roll
#11
מְעִ֑יל
with a mantle
a robe (i.e., upper and outer garment)
#12
וַיֵּ֤דַע
perceived
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
#13
שָׁאוּל֙
And Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#14
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#15
שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל
that it was Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#16
ה֔וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#17
וַיִּקֹּ֥ד
and he stooped
to shrivel up, i.e., contract or bend the body (or neck) in deference
#18
אַפַּ֛יִם
with his face
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
#19
אַ֖רְצָה
to the ground
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#20
וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃
and bowed
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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